Posted by
American Sentry on Monday, April 30, 2012 4:18:56 PM
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/04/27/15-injured-in-blasts-in-east-ukraine-city/?test=latestnews
The Associated
Press is reporting as many as 27 people have been injured last week in a string
of up to four separate bombings in and around the eastern Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk,
which is located approximately 250 miles southeast of the capital city of Kiev.
Other than the obligatory “Well, that’s not very nice…”
what does that really mean and more importantly why should we care?
Ukraine has been throughout history a militarily and
politically pivotal and geo-strategically significant region for hundreds of
years (some can argue back to antiquity). From the early times of Ottoman
Imperial expansion and the Cossack rebellions of the 17th and 18th
centuries, through the many kingdoms and national powers quibbling, and
fiercely warring (Crimea, Ukraine is where the famous Charge of the Light
Brigade took place), over the borders of its rich and vast agricultural lands
and deep and abundant mineral deposits, its place as a natural bridge between
Europe proper and the Eurasian hinterlands, and its premier naval real estate
on the Crimean Peninsula and access to the Black Sea and Bosporus Straits,
Ukraine is preeminent in its potential regional, diplomatic and political
influence on several fronts. Even the name, Ukraine, means “on the edge,” where
it is on the edge of a number of internationally important equities and
potentially volatile scenarios. From
being one of the first former Soviet Republics (actually the first of the
“internal” republics; meaning not one of the Baltic States, but an actual
historically and culturally Kievan Rus-based Slavic-nation-state) to call for independence and looking to the
west for political and governing examples, to recently spawning the Orange
Revolution in 2004 and attempting to strip the lingering shackles of Russian
economic, political, and cultural pressures, Ukraine is on any European
nations’ and International Organizations’ short list for possible great
aspirations and true national viability as a valuable international partner.
Sadly, on its present trajectory, Ukraine will wallow further in anemic
economic, political, and developmental stagnation, and judicial, journalistic,
and human rights despair. Ukraine has been at the forefront of some of the most
recent and shameful judicial and press related scandals and crimes.
This brings us to why these bombings could mean something
significant to the rest of the world. As the above article link attests, the
bombings are most likely politically motivated; however by whom and for what
specific purpose is part of the national “politeescheskie entrigee” (Russian
for “political intrigues”); Political intrigue is as much a staple in Ukraine
as pepper vodka, salted bread, and borsch. Yet, the outcome and possible
ramifications to these bombings and the events alleged to them could send
ripples, if not waves, across the surface of the “international pond.” The
escalating intrigue stems from a bitter feud between the current President,
Viktor Yanukovych, and former Prime Minister, Yulia Tymoshenko.
Yanukovych comes from the Donetsk region, and has been a
staunch political mainstay of the predominantly Russian-demographic and heavily
Russia-supported populace in that eastern region of Ukraine. Yanukovych himself
is not ethnically Ukrainian, but rather Russian and Belorussian, and doesn’t
even speak Ukrainian fluently. Tymoshenko was the former Prime Minister under
the former pro-western President, Viktor Yuschenko. Though she and Yuschenko had significant
political differences and nasty open political battles, they had a common
political foe in Yanukovych. They were both instrumental in bringing about the
Orange Revolution in 2004, which manifested when the current president,
Yanukovych, was found conducting massive election fraud. Several international
monitoring agencies and prominent international figures, including former UN
high officials, and former US President Jimmy Carter, headed oversight efforts.
The Orange Revolution lasted throughout the winter of 2004 and forced the Ukrainian
authorities to conduct a recount, which found pro-western Viktor Yuschenko the
legitimate winner. His victory was assured by the support of Tymoshenko, and he
made her his Prime Minister. This alliance was not forgotten by Yanukovych,
especially when his emerging nemesis, Yulia Tymeshenko, ran against him in
2010. In short, Yanukovych defeated her,
and then began widespread political and legal indictments against Tymeshenko,
leading to a criminal trial. She was found guilty of various election and
financial fraud charges and has been sent to prison for seven years. Presently,
she is on a hunger strike, claiming the prison guards have beaten her and
caused her excessive harm and mental anguish. Her daughter has called for
international monitoring of her condition. Ukrainian medical officals confirm
she has received numerous bruises and signs of abuse, and her health is
deteriorating. Her situation has reached the attention of many international
observers, including the European Union, and several separate nations.
This leads us to today. Ukraine is scheduled to host the
World Cup soccer preliminary rounds throughout the country this summer. This
has both political, and more importantly, economic advantages for Ukraine.
Yanukovych is roundly considered having stolen the last election, and has taken
major political, economic, and diplomatic steps to cozy up even closer to his
Russian allies to the Northeast. Any perceived international boom by his regime
would only soften and lessen his otherwise poor reputation and questionable
legitimacy, and Ukraine’s developmental stagnation across the international
stage. However, this is
Ukriane. Nothing is as it appears on the surface.
The Yanukovych clan and supporters claim last week’s
bombings are the work of “terrorists” bent on destabilizing Ukraine. The
Tymeshenko supporters claim it is Yanukovych’s security forces wanting to defer
attention from Tymeshenko’s plight, and allow Yanukovych’s forces to “deal”
with the criminals, and thus demonstrate its ability to maintain security for
the upcoming festivities. Neither of these explanations make any real
sense…but, that is part of the political circus that is the deteriorating
atmosphere of the Ukrainian body-politk. The crux of the issue here is not
weather Yanukovych’s or Tymeshenko’s supporters instigated these bombings, but
how the Russians could, and very will might, lever this instability on their
most prized former Soviet Republic and most significant strategic
neighbor. We only need to look back to
2006 as to what lengths Russia is willing and able to go to provide “corrective
action” to its former Soviet neighbors; The invasion of Georgia.
Ukraine and Russia share a great deal of history,
culture, language, tradition, religion, and outlook. However, Ukraine, more
than any other former republic, has a very strong and deep national, cultural,
and ethnic pride and identity that often transcends the similarities between
the two. During Soviet times, it was
widely thought that if there was going to be a “counter-revolution” within the
Soviet republics, it would emanate from Ukraine. Even after the Second World
War, Soviet forces fought a prolonged and sustained insurgency in western
Ukraine against the anti-Soviet Ukrainian partisan remnants that had originally
fought alongside the Germans during the initial invasion back in 1942. Of
course, that alliance didn’t last long, once the German forces began wholesale
deportation, imprisonment, and extermination of hundreds of thousands of
“non’compliant” Ukrainians and political undesirables. In an effort to placate the Ukrainians after
Stalin’s initial starvation policies of the Thirties, leading to the deaths of
millions of Ukrainians, deportation of huge swathes of Ukrainians from their ancestral
lands, and “russification” of much of eastern Ukraine and the Crimean
Peninsula, Nikita Kruschev “returned” Crimea to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic in 1954. An ethnic Ukrainian, Kruschev, in an effort to pacify
Ukrainians, alienated millions of ethnic Russians in Crimea and throughout eastern
Ukraine. Even today, the vast majority of Russians and Ukrainians can be split
right through the center of the country with the overwhelming majority of
ethnic Russians residing on the eastern half of the Dniper River and the Crimean
Peninsula, and the vast majority of ethnic Ukrainians existing on the western
half of the river all the way toward the Polish, Hungarian, and Romainian
borders.
With Vladimir Putin reclaiming the reigns of the Russian
nation starting next year, and his clear and unequivocal aspirations for
historic Russian hegemony, Ukraine lies directly in those sights of future
greater Russian strategic goals. One of the levers Russia has pulled in the
past, and often touts within its security apparatus is the need for Russia to ensure
ethnic Russians are secure and protected in the outlying former republics. Though
Ukraine possess a much more formidible military than does Georgia, or let’s
say, Tajikistan, Russia has completely infiltrated Ukrainian federal security
and intelligence services. Additionally, Russia has active military units on
sovereign Ukrainian territory, namely in Crimea.
We saw this tension-stretch situation come to a boil when
Ukrainian and Russian Naval Border forces clashed in the Sea of Azov in 2004
off the eastern edge of the Crimean Peninsula, over improperly marked borders
near a small island called Tusla. This was not widely reported in the Western
Press, however it received a great deal of attention in both Russian and
Ukrainian Press, taking a meteoric launch in both rhetoric and hyperbole. This
particular incident highlighted both the tinder box that exists between these
two nations in that region, and the fact that Ukraine is not going to lay down
or play the submissive. The other significant issue that emerged during that
underreported incident off the Crimean Peninsula was the revelation from the
Ukrainian Parliament during the height of the hyperbole between the two that
Ukraine could, and would if challenged, reconstitute its nuclear capability
within weeks.
That in and of itself has tremenous and ominous
ramifications. Lest we forget, when the former Soviet Union collapsed, Ukraine
by default became the world’s 4th largest nuclear power overnight.
It would later forgo independent nuclear aspirations in exchange for western
aid and investment. However, as stated by the members of Ukraine’s Armed
Services Committee within its parliament, “Nuclear weapons are like genies, and
the knowledge to build them does not easily go back in the bottle.”
So as we come full circle with why these bonbings could
be significant to the international community, we only need to thread the
needle of Ukrainian political instability, aspirations for Russian hegemony,
ethnic, demographic, military tensions stretching, and at the center is a great
nation with many alluring resources; agricultural, mineral, geo-strategic,
educational (literacy is very high in Ukraine), and diplomatic. If Russia,
either artificially or in reality, perceives a threat to its ethnic, regional, and
defense-related equities within Ukraine, either by Ukrainians themselves, or
potentially “terror” assets within Ukraine, they have already demonstrated they
will act. (Note: Crimea has had an exponential influx over the last decade of
Islamic ethnic Tatars returning to their historically ancestral homeland, and
there is a perceived security threat as Tatars may become radicalized through
alienation and political marginalization, and potentially conducting
instability or terror acts against the predominenntly Russian populace on Ukrainian
territory) If the recent bombings are considered to be “terror” related, or if
Yanukovych is deemed ineffectual (falsely or otherwise by the Russians), we
could see the Russian security services launch destabilization operations to
build the case that the Ukrainians can’t handle the spiraling crisis
themselves, and some form of “intervention” would be necessary on the part of
the “concerned Russians.” It is clear, the domino effect from a de facto
Russia-controlled Ukraine would not bode well for all the Eastern and Central
European states with fresh memories of what a Russian controlled Ukraine means
for their collective safety, economic well being, and security concerns. Also,
neither NATO, nor other European, Middle Eastern or Central Asian states would
react passively to a sudden shift in the balance of power and perspective
should Ukraine either tacitly or directly come under political or social
instabilty brought on by continued internal threats and Russia’s potential
reactive steps to it.
As the weeks and months loom ahead of the World Cup
soccer matches in Ukraine, and political tension rises between Yanukovych and
Tymeshenko supporters as her health could deteriorate further, and has Putin
retakes the stand on the Russian political and diplomatic stage, we might now
understand a bit better how a few bombs in a remote and unpronouncible city in
Eastern Ukraine might spark a much greater political, or possible civil or
military crisis with international ramifications.
Wars have been started by much more subtle and seemingly
unimportant events.
The author is a former Military Attache to Ukraine while assigned in a diplomatic assignement to the US Embassy, Kiev. While on active duty in the US military, the author was a designated Joint Foreign Area Officer specializing in the Former Soviet Union, worked on several high-level staffs concentrating on Theatre Security Cooperation within the Former Soviet Union, dealing specifically with the Partnership for Peace nations of the FSU, Central and Eastern Europe. He speaks both Russian and Ukrainian, and wrote his graduate dissertation on US-FSU Counterterror Cooperations in the Global War on terror.